The+Cold+War-The+Early+Years


 * THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established


 * THE UNITED NATIONS**

-192 member states -Est. October 24, 1945 -Official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish. -Founded after WWII by 51 countries -//"committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights"// -members express their views through; General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other bodies and committees


 * CONTAINMENT

-** Containment is a policy that was first implemented by the United States in 1947 in response to communism. It is meant to prevent—through political, economic, and diplomatic methods—the growth of a hostile country's territory and to limit the country's ideological influence. //-American History//. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 17 May 2010. .

-March 12, 1947 Truman proposed a new foreign policy -attempted to limit the spread of communism - Believed USSR was primarily responsible for funding the spread of Communistic ideals -funded $400 million to Greece and Turkey to aid them in not becoming communist countries -lead to military operations in Korea and Vietnam
 * THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**


 * THE MARSHALL PLAN

-** Marshall promised that America would do, ‘whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world.’ -encouraged European countries to establish a plan to assist economic turmoil-aided in the forms of fuel, raw materials, goods, loans and food, machinery and advisers -created rapid European economic growth, and stopped the spread of Communism


 * THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT

-** peacetime military operation to transfer essential goods into Berlin -the four-power military commission called the Komandatura was created to administer Berlin - June 1948, USSR rep. left the Komandatura, and Soviet troops halted all railroad traffic between Berlin and the West. -U.S. general [|Lucius D. Clay], recommended Western allied garrisons remained in the city and were supplied by air - approx. 277,264 flights were made into Berlin carrying 2,343,315 tons of food and coal -Easter Sunday, (April 16, 1949), 1,298 flights lifted carrying 12,940 tons of supplies into the city - 75 British and American airmen were lost during the period. - July 26, 1948, the Western powers halted all trade with East Germany in retaliation for the blockade -May 12, 1949, Soviets ended blockade and conceded defeat

-treaty between Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union - signed in Poland in 1955 -officially called 'The Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance' - response to a similar treaty made by the Western Allies in 1949 (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) -originally based on total equality of each nation and mutual non-interference in one another's internal affairs - became a powerful political tool for the Soviet Union munipiliate its allies and harness the powers of their combined military
 * NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBER

-First Red Scare**, from 1917 to 1920: about worker (socialist) revolution and political radicalism -Demonstrated the influence of the rising USSR -was a shock to other nations who had anti-communistic ideals
 * -Second Red Scare**, from 1947 to 1957: focused on (national and foreign) communists influencing society or espionage, infiltrating society, or both


 * COMMUNISM IN CHINA**

-Chinese Communist Party (CCP) -world's largest political party -founded May 1921 in Shanghai -major marker to the spread of Communism -"Domino Effect" -Problematic to other countries because it demonstrated the USSR influence


 * THE KOREAN WAR**

-(notes taken in class)


 * MCCARTHYISM**

-1950, U.S. Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy (1908-57), leader of U.S. anti-Communist witch-hunt -definition: //the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, esp. of pro-Communist activity, in many instances unsupported by proof or based on slight, doubtful, or irrelevant evidence.//


 * THE SPACE RACE**

//1.) October 4, 1957 Russia launches Sputnikon 2.) America launches Explorer 1 approx. 4 months later 3.) Russia launches Sputnik 2. Fails in orbit. 4.) Yuri Gagarin enters orbit on April 12, 1961. (Yuri's Night) 5.) Alan Shepard becomes first American in space. John Glenn becomes first American to orbit a year later. 6.) Russia launches two men. Russian leadership falters on space program. First Soyuz rocket fails. 7.) NASA performs rendezvous and spacewalks on Gemini program 8.) Americans pass Russians with Apollo 8, sending 3 men into lunar orbit. 9.) Space Race ends on July 21, 1969, when Neil Armstrong steps foot on the moon.//